{"id":843,"date":"2018-03-02T17:44:49","date_gmt":"2018-03-02T17:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/?p=843"},"modified":"2018-03-09T12:59:40","modified_gmt":"2018-03-09T12:59:40","slug":"partisiipit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/2018\/03\/02\/partisiipit\/","title":{"rendered":"Partisiipit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Suomen kieless\u00e4 on verbeist\u00e4 johdettuja infiniitti- eli nominaalimuotoja, jotka k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyv\u00e4t osittain verbien ja osittain nominien tavoin. N\u00e4m\u00e4 nominaalimuodot voidaan jakaa partisiippeihin ja infinitiiveihin, joista t\u00e4ss\u00e4 artikkelissa k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4pi tyypillisimm\u00e4t partisiipit<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. VA-partisiippi (aktiivi<\/span> ja passiivi<\/span>)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 puhuva,<\/span> puhuttava<\/span> <\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

2. aktiivin NUT-partisiippi<\/span> ja sen passiivinen vastine TU-partisiippi<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 kaatunut<\/span> puu, kaadettu<\/span> puu<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Agenttipartisiippi mA\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 lukema, tekem\u00e4
\n<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NUT-partisiippi ja sen passiivinen vastine TU- partisiippi ovat tuttuja verbien liittomuodoista:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Min\u00e4 olen stressannut tentti\u00e4 jo viikon.\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Opiskelijat ovat stressanneet graduseminaaria koko vuoden.\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Partisiippimuotojen taivuttamista on stressattu aina.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Partisiipeilla on sek\u00e4 verbien ett\u00e4 adjektiivien ominaisuuksia. Ne on tehty verbeist\u00e4\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

stressaava el\u00e4m\u00e4<\/i> = el\u00e4m\u00e4, joka stressaa<\/span> (~ aiheuttaa stressi\u00e4)<\/span><\/p>\n

haukkuva koira<\/i> = koira, joka haukkuu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2026mutta kun niit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n adjektiivim\u00e4\u00e4rittein\u00e4,<\/span> ne taipuvat muiden adjektiivien tavoin luvussa ja sijassa:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

En kest\u00e4 en\u00e4\u00e4 stressaav<\/span><\/i>aa<\/i><\/b><\/span> el\u00e4m<\/i>\u00e4\u00e4<\/i><\/b>ni!<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Haukkuva<\/span><\/i>n<\/i><\/b><\/span> koira<\/i>n<\/i><\/b> kaulapanta on punainen.\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Adjektiivim\u00e4\u00e4ritteen\u00e4<\/span> k\u00e4ytetyst\u00e4 partisiipista voidaan my\u00f6s tehd\u00e4 relatiivilause\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lukeva<\/span> poika istuu penkill\u00e4.<\/i> (~ Poika, joka lukee<\/span>, istuu penkill\u00e4.<\/i>)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e4in kaupassa poikaansa etsiv\u00e4n<\/span> naisen.<\/i> (~ N\u00e4in kaupassa naisen, joka etsi poikaansa<\/span>.<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

…ja monista* relatiivilauseista<\/span> adjektiivim\u00e4\u00e4ritteen\u00e4 k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4 partisiippi:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mies, joka katsoo ilmoitustaulua<\/span>, seisoo k\u00e4yt\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4.<\/i> (~ Ilmoitustaulua katsova<\/span> mies seisoo k\u00e4yt\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4<\/i>.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Kotiteht\u00e4v\u00e4, joka annetaan<\/span>, ei ole vaikea.<\/i> (~ Annettava<\/span> kotiteht\u00e4v\u00e4 ei ole vaikea.<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

joka<\/i>-pronomini on partisiippi-ilmausta vastaavan relatiivilauseen subjektina<\/span> tai objektina:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lukeva poika istuu penkill\u00e4.<\/em>\u00a0(~ Poika, joka<\/span> lukee, istuu penkill\u00e4.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Pojan lukema kirja on penkill\u00e4.<\/em>\u00a0(~ Kirja, jota<\/span> poika luki, on penkill\u00e4.)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*HUOM<\/b>! Esimerkiksi seuraavia lauseita EI voi sanoa partisiipin avulla:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kirjaston aulassa istuu poika,<\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

jolla on paljon kirjoja.<\/em> omistuslause<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

joka on iloinen.<\/em> predikatiivilause<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

jonka t\u00e4ytyy lukea<\/em>. akt<\/b>. nesessiivilause<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

joka ei osaa lukea.<\/em> negatiivinen<\/b> lause<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

josta koirat pit\u00e4v\u00e4t.<\/em> joka<\/i><\/b> <\/i>adverbiaalina<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. PREESENSPARTISIIPIT\u00a0 (-vA ja -(t)tavA)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ilmaisevat p\u00e4\u00e4ttym\u00e4t\u00f6nt\u00e4<\/strong> aikaa (= relatiivilauseen verbi on preesensiss\u00e4).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aktiivi (-vA):\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kuka? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Poika<\/span><\/p>\n

Mit\u00e4 tekee? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

lukee kirjaa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Millainen poika? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

poika,<\/span> joka lukee<\/span> kirjaa<\/span>\u00a0\u2192<\/span>\u00a0kirjaa<\/span> lukeva<\/span> poika<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Muodostus:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitiivi<\/span><\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Monikon 3. persoona<\/span><\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Partisiippi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

lukea \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0luke-vat \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 lukeva<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

tehd\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0teke-v\u00e4t \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tekev\u00e4<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

kuunnella \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kuuntele-vat \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kuunteleva<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

HUOM!\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

olla \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0oleva<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taivutus:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nominatiivi: lukeva<\/span><\/p>\n

Vartalo: lukeva-<\/span><\/p>\n

Monikkovartalo: lukevi-<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Passiivi (-(t)tavA):\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mik\u00e4? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kirja<\/span><\/p>\n

Mit\u00e4 tehd\u00e4\u00e4n? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

luetaan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Millainen kirja?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

kirja,<\/span> joka luetaan<\/span> \u2192\u00a0luettava<\/span> kirja<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Muodostus:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Verbityyppi 1:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitiivi<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yks. 1. pers. vartalo<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0+ -ttavA<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

lukea \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0lue-n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 luettava<\/span><\/p>\n

maksaa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0maksa<\/span>-n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 makse<\/span>ttava<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

tiet\u00e4\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tied\u00e4<\/span>-n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tiede<\/span>tt\u00e4v\u00e4<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Verbityypit 2\u20136:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitiivin vartalo<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0+ -tAvA<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2 teh-d\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 teht\u00e4v\u00e4<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

3 kuunnel-la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kuunneltava<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

4 pelat-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pelattava<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

5 tarvit-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tarvittava<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

6 kylmet-\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0kylmett\u00e4v\u00e4<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taivutus:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nominatiivi: maksettava<\/span><\/p>\n

Vartalo: maksettava-<\/span><\/p>\n

Monikkovartalo: maksettavi-<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. PERFEKTIPARTISIIPIT\u00a0 (-nUt ja -(t)tU)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ilmaisevat suhteutettavaa tilannetta aikaisempia<\/strong> tai aikaisemmin alkaneita<\/strong> tilanteita (= relatiivilauseen verbi on imperfekti, perfekti tai pluskvamperfekti).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aktiivi (-nUt)<\/b>:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kuka?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Poika<\/span><\/p>\n

Mit\u00e4 teki\/ on tehnyt \/ oli tehnyt?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

luki\/ on lukenut \/ oli lukenut kirjan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Millainen poika? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

poika<\/span>, joka luki \/ on lukenut \/ oli lukenut<\/span> kirjan<\/span> \u2192\u00a0kirjan<\/span> lukenut<\/span> poika<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Muodostus:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitiivin vartalo<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 + -nut\/-nyt<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1 luke-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 luke-nut<\/span>
\n 2 teh-d\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0teh-nyt<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n

3 kuunnel<\/span>-la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kuunnel<\/span>–l<\/span>ut<\/span><\/p>\n

3 pes<\/span>-t\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pes<\/span>–s<\/span>yt<\/span><\/p>\n

3 pur<\/span>-ra \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pur<\/span>–r<\/span>ut<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span>
\n 4 pelat<\/span>-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 pelan<\/span>-nut<\/span><\/p>\n

5 valit<\/span>-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0valin<\/span>-nut<\/span><\/p>\n

6 paet<\/span>-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 paen<\/span>-nut<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taivutus:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nominatiivi: lukenut<\/span><\/p>\n

Vartalo: lukenee-<\/span><\/p>\n

Monikkovartalo: lukenei-<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Passiivi (-tU):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mik\u00e4?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Kirja<\/span><\/p>\n

Mit\u00e4 tehtiin\/ on tehty \/ oli tehty?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

on luettu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Millainen kirja? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

kirja<\/span>, joka luettiin \/ on luettu \/ oli luettu<\/span>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0luettu<\/span> kirja<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Muodostus<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Verbityyppi 1:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitiivi<\/span> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Yks. 1. pers. vartalo<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0+ -ttU<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

lukea \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 lue-n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0lue-ttu<\/span><\/p>\n

maksaa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 maksa<\/span>-n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 makse–<\/span><\/span>ttu<\/span><\/p>\n

tiet\u00e4\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tied\u00e4<\/span>-n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tiede<\/span>-tty<\/span><\/p>\n

Verbityypit 2\u20136:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitiivin vartalo<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0+ -tU<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2 teh-d\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0teh-ty<\/span><\/p>\n

3 kuunnel-la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0kuunnel-tu<\/span><\/p>\n

4 pelat-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pelat-tu<\/span><\/p>\n

5 tarvit-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tarvit-tu<\/span><\/p>\n

6 paet-a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 paet-tu<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taivutus:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nominatiivi: luettu\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vartalo: luetu-<\/span><\/p>\n

Monikkovartalo: luetui-<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. AGENTTIPARTISIIPPI\u00a0 (-mA)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Agenttipartisiippiin liittyy aina tekij\u00e4:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kuka?<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Poika<\/span><\/p>\n

Mit\u00e4 teki \/ on tehnyt \/ oli tehnyt? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

on lukenut kirjan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Millainen<\/strong> kirja<\/b><\/span>? <\/span><\/p>\n

kirja<\/span>, jonka poika<\/span> on lukenut<\/span> \u2014> pojan lukema<\/span> kirja<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Agenttirakenteessa tarvitaan agentti<\/span> eli tekij\u00e4,<\/span> partisiippi<\/span> ja p\u00e4\u00e4sana:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c4iti palautti kirjastoon\u00a0pojan<\/span> lukeman<\/span> kirjan<\/span>.<\/em> (= \u00c4iti palautti kirjastoon kirjan, jonka poika oli lukenut.<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Agentti eli tekij\u00e4 ilmaistaan<\/span><\/p>\n

a) genetiivill\u00e4,<\/span> kun tekij\u00e4\u00e4 merkitsev\u00e4 sana on substantiivi (yleisnimi tai erisinimi):<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00e4ss\u00e4 on pojan<\/span> kirjoittama kirje.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Pid\u00e4tk\u00f6 Matin<\/span> tekem\u00e4st\u00e4 ruoasta?<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

b) genetiivill\u00e4<\/span> ja possessiivisuffiksilla,<\/span> kun tekij\u00e4\u00e4 merkitsev\u00e4 sana on persoonapronomini:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00e4ss\u00e4 on h\u00e4nen<\/span> kirjoittamansa<\/span> kirje.<\/em> (= T\u00e4ss\u00e4 on kirje, jonka h\u00e4n on kirjoittanut.<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

Pid\u00e4tk\u00f6 minun<\/span> tekem\u00e4st\u00e4ni<\/span> ruoasta?<\/em> (= Pid\u00e4tk\u00f6 ruoasta, jonka min\u00e4 olen tehnyt?<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

c) possessiivisuffiksilla,<\/span> kun tekij\u00e4<\/span> on sama kuin p\u00e4\u00e4lauseen tekij\u00e4:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Poika<\/span> luki minulle kirjoittamansa<\/span> kirjeen.<\/em> (= Poika luki minulle kirjeen, jonka h\u00e4n (itse) oli kirjoittanut.<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

Pit\u00e4\u00e4k\u00f6 Matti<\/span> tekem\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n<\/span> ruoasta?<\/em> (= Pit\u00e4\u00e4k\u00f6 Matti ruoasta, jonka h\u00e4n (itse) on tehnyt?<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

HUOM!<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Agenttirakenteen voi tehd\u00e4 vain transitiiviverbist\u00e4<\/strong> (=verbist\u00e4, joka voi saada objektin)!<\/span><\/p>\n

Agenttirakennetta voi k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 predikatiivina<\/strong> ilman p\u00e4\u00e4sanaa:<\/span><\/p>\n

Taulu on Picasson<\/strong> maalaama<\/b>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Muodostus:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitiivi: <\/span><\/p>\n

Mon. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a03. pers. vartalo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0+ -mA<\/span><\/p>\n

lukea \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 luke-vat \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0luke-ma<\/span><\/p>\n

tehd\u00e4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 teke-v\u00e4t \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 teke-m\u00e4<\/span><\/p>\n

kuunnella \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0kuuntele-vat \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 kuuntele-ma<\/span><\/p>\n

pelata \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pelaa-vat \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 pelaa-ma<\/span><\/p>\n

tarvita \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tarvitse-vat \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tarvitse-ma<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taivutus:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nominatiivi: lukema<\/span><\/p>\n

Vartalo: lukema-<\/span><\/p>\n

Monikkovartalo: lukemi-<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Artikkelin pohjana k\u00e4ytetyt l\u00e4hteet:\u00a0VISK<\/a>, Suomen kielioppia ulkomaalaisille (Leila White 2010, 8. painos,\u00a0Finn Lectura).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

HARJOITUS 1.<\/strong>\u00a0Muuta relatiivilauseet partisiipeiksi (-vA\/-(t)tAvA <\/b>tai<\/b> -nUt\/-tU <\/b>tai<\/b> -mA)<\/b><\/p>\n

1. N\u00e4etk\u00f6 tuon pojan, joka istuu puiston penkill\u00e4?<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

2. Tied\u00e4tk\u00f6 joululaulun, joka kertoo varpusesta jouluaamuna?<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

3. Vilkutin postinkantajalle, joka kantoi isoa pakettia.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

4. Vanhemmat, jotka tulivat koulun kev\u00e4tjuhlaan, yll\u00e4ttyiv\u00e4t iloisesti.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

5. Koira, joka k\u00e4velee ulkona, n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 karhulta.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

6. Ketulla, joka juoksi yli j\u00e4\u00e4n, oli talviturkki.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

7. Poliisilla, joka ohjaa liikennett\u00e4, ei ole silm\u00e4laseja.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

8. Lapsi n\u00e4ki ikkunan takana oravan, joka s\u00f6i k\u00e4py\u00e4.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

9. Matti joutui sy\u00f6m\u00e4\u00e4n kaurapuuroa, joka oli palanut pohjaan.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

10. Mit\u00e4 maksaisit syntym\u00e4p\u00e4iv\u00e4lahjasta, joka annetaan l\u00e4hisukulaiselle?<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

11. Korvapuustit, jotka oli tuotu p\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4n, olivat herkullisia.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

12. Matti ei halua ostaa farkkuja, jotka maksavat 150 euroa.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

13. N\u00e4etk\u00f6 sin\u00e4 tuon koiran, joka heiluttaa iloisena h\u00e4nt\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4?<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

14. Oletko kuullut laulun, joka lauletaan koulujen kev\u00e4tjuhlassa?<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

15. Lahjat, jotka on pakattu punaiseen lahjapaperiin, ovat sinulle.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

16. Korvapuustit, jotka olivat liian kauan uunissa, paloivat mustiksi.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

17. En laittanut j\u00e4\u00e4kaappiin vihanneksia, jotka paleltuvat helposti.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

18. Rusina, joka oli korvapuustissa, juuttui Matin kurkkuun.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

19. Ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 Kalevalan painoksessa, jonka L\u00f6nnrot kokosi, oli 32 runoa .<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

20. Min\u00e4 pid\u00e4n todella paljon maksalaatikosta, jonka iso\u00e4itini on tehnyt.<\/p>\n

___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Suomen kieless\u00e4 on verbeist\u00e4 johdettuja infiniitti- eli nominaalimuotoja, jotka k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyv\u00e4t osittain verbien ja osittain nominien tavoin. N\u00e4m\u00e4 nominaalimuodot voidaan jakaa partisiippeihin ja infinitiiveihin, joista t\u00e4ss\u00e4 artikkelissa k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4pi tyypillisimm\u00e4t partisiipit: 1. VA-partisiippi (aktiivi ja passiivi)\u00a0 \u2013 puhuva, puhuttava 2. aktiivin NUT-partisiippi ja sen passiivinen vastine TU-partisiippi\u00a0 \u2013 kaatunut puu, kaadettu puu 3. Agenttipartisiippi mA\u00a0 \u2013 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2002,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adjektiivit","category-verbit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/843","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2002"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=843"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/843\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":906,"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/843\/revisions\/906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogit.utu.fi\/suomeaedistyneille\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}